目的 针对高速催泪喷射器在近距离使用时,因射流动能过高可能造成损伤的风险,通过实验研究射流在不同作用距离下的动力学特性及其对生物模拟组织的冲击效应。方法 采用高速摄像与瞬态压力测试技术,以复合牛皮-明胶靶标模拟人体皮肤与软组织,分析射流的运动形态、速度衰减规律及冲击压力分布。结果 在30 cm近距离条件下,射流凝聚性良好,速度达109.8 m/s,冲击压力峰值为2.008 MPa,具有局部穿透潜力。随着作用距离增加,射流逐渐发散,速度与压力显著衰减,200 cm处压力峰值降至0.139 MPa。结论 牛皮模拟皮肤层能有效分散冲击能量,将集中动压转化为表面形变,从而防止明胶靶标穿孔,说明皮肤结构具备一定的冲击防护作用。本研究强调在实际应用中需严格控制最小作用距离,以降低动能致伤风险,为非致命武器的安全使用与效能评估提供了实验依据。
Abstract
The work aims to conduct an experimental study to investigate the dynamic characteristics of the stream at different operating distances and its impact effects on bio-simulated tissues to deal with the risk of injury caused by the high kinetic energy of the stream from close-range use of high-speed tear gas jets. High-speed imaging and transient pressure testing techniques were employed to simulate human skin and soft tissues with composite oxhide-gelatin targets. The stream's motion morphology, velocity attenuation patterns, and impact pressure distribution were analyzed. Results showed that at a close-range condition of 30 cm, the jet remained good cohesion, with a velocity of 109.8 m/s and a peak impact pressure of 2.008 MPa, indicating potential for localized penetration. As the operating distance increased, the stream gradually dispersed, with significant attenuation in both velocity and pressure. At 200 cm, the peak pressure decreased to 0.139 MPa. In conclusion, the oxhide-simulated skin layer effectively disperses impact energy by converting concentrated dynamic pressure into surface deformation, thereby preventing perforation of the gelatin target. This demonstrates that skin structure provides a certain degree of impact protection. The study emphasizes the need to strictly control the minimum operating distance in practical applications to reduce the risk of kinetic energy-induced injuries, providing experimental evidence for the safe use and effectiveness evaluation of non-lethal weapons.
关键词
非致命武器 /
高速射流 /
明胶靶标 /
瞬态冲击 /
动能评估
Key words
non-lethal weapons /
high-speed jet /
gelatin target /
transient impact /
kinetic energy assessment
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基金
公安部第三研究所科研发展基金（KZC24856）
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